Machining is a controlled metal removal process in which unwanted material is removed from the work piece to achieve desired shape and size.

Three basic machining processes are turning, drilling and milling.

Other machining process includes shaping, slotting, grinding, planing, boring, broaching and sawing.

• Turning operations done mainly to produce cylindrical surfaces. The turning operation is done by rotating the workpiece and moving the tool against the work piece. Lathe machine is mainly used to do the turning operation.

• Milling operations are mainly used to produce flat surfaces. The milling operation is done by rotating the cutting tool (cutter) and moving the workpiece against it. Milling machine is mainly used to do milling operation.

• Drilling operations is done to make or enlarge a hole. Drilling operations are done in drilling machines but sometimes on lathes or mills